![]() Kappa, chi‐square and McNemar tests were used for qualitative analyses while paired and unpaired t-test were used for quantitative analyses (α = 0.05). Percentage, length, and width of microcracks, and apical transportation were assessed. Specimens were scanned by nano-CT (UniTOM HR) before and after root canal preparation. For both groups Reciproc Blue R40 was used for root canal instrumentation. Root canals were randomly divided in two groups (n = 9) according to root canal preparation using two working lengths: 1 mm short of the apical foramen (control group) and 1 mm beyond the apical foramen (foraminal enlargement). ![]() Eighteen maxillary lateral incisors with apical curvature were selected by using micro-CT images. The aim of this study was to evaluate the foraminal enlargement and its influence on microcrack formation and apical transportation in root canals with apical curvature.
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